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Career Options in Biotechnology
Introduction
Biotechnology
old or traditional biotechnology
definitions available
Biotechnology
History of Biotechnology
father of biotechnology
Fermentation
Joseph Black
Henry Cavendish
Daniel Rutherford
Karl Wilhelm Scheele
Antoine Lavoisier
Nichola Appert
Peter Durand
Charles B. Astier
Charles Cagniard-Latour
polarimeter
Eduard Buchner, Hans Buchner
Martin Hahn
Charles Chamberland
modern biotechnology
Cohen and Boyer
Humulin
Dolly
FlavrSavr
Present Scenario
insulin
Bioremediation
environmental monitoring
Ongoing biotechnological projects and areas of research (1.3)
bio-fertilizers
bioreactors
Human Gene Therapy
toxoplasmosis
monoclonal antibodies
human interferons
xanthan gum
Bioprocessing
genetic engineering
Basic Concepts
Genomic
H. Winkler
Thomas Roderick
Structural Genomics
Functional Genomics
Genome sequencing Projects
(3.2)
Directed Sequencing of BAC Contigs
contigs
Random Shotgun Sequencing
Advantages of sequencing the Genome
Microarray
(3.3)
cDNA or complementary DNA
Fluoresecnt in situ hybridisation(flash)
(3.4)
Philadelphia chromosome
Human Genome Project
(3.5)
Bioinformatics
(3.6)
Applications of Bioinformatics
(3.7)
Information Sources
Major Databases
BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)
ESTs
Expressed Sequence Tags
GSTs
Concept of Directionality
(3.8)
Gene Prediction and Counting
(3.9)
C-value paradox
Junk DNA
Comparative Genomics
(3.91)
Recombinant DNA Technology
(3.92)
Enzymes used in Recombinant DNA technology
Restriction Enzymes
methylases
DNA ligases
Alkaline phosphatase
Cloning vectors for Recombinant DNA
Plasmids as vectors
Plasmid
pBR322 vectors
pUC vectors
Yeast plasmid vectors
Shuttle vectors
Retriever vectors
Vectors based on bacteriophages
Cosmids as vectors
Cosmids
Phagemids
BAC Vectors
Plant and animal viruses as vectors
Gemini viruses
cauliflower mosaic virus or CaMV
tobacco mosaic virus /TMV)
tobacco mosaic virus /TMV)
Simian Virus 40
Retroviruses
Artificial chromosome (YAC and MAC) vectors
Biotechnology Terms
Plant Biotechnology
Introduction
History of cell culture
Plant Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques
Nutrient media
micmyformro- and macro-elements
Gelidium amansil
agar
MS medium
Types of culture
Organ Culture
root culture
endosperm culture
ovary culture
Explant culture
Callus culture
sub-culturin
Cell suspension cultures
Batch cultures
Continuous cultures
in vitro mutagenesis
production of secondary metabolites
Mass cell culture
plant bioreactors
Protoplast culture
Cybrids
Bergmann’s cell plating technique
Regeneration pathways of plants
organogenesis
somatic embryogenesis
Applications of Cell and Tissue Culture
Micropropagation
Somaclonal variation
Larkin and Scowcroft
somaclones
'gametoclonal' variation.
virus free plants
Production of synthetic seeds
Mutant selection
Production of secondary metabolites
Somatic cell hybridization/ parasexual hybridization
Protoplast fusion
polyethylene glycol (PEG)
inter-genetic somatic hybrids
Pomatoes
Topatoes
In vitro plant germplasm conservation
Germplasm
In vivo gene banks
In vitro gene banks
cryo-preservation
Gene transfer methods in plants
Vector-mediated or indirect gene transfer
Ti plasmid
natural genetic engineer
Agrobacterium
Ti-plasmid vector
Vectorless or direct gene transfer
Chemical mediated gene transfer
Microinjection
Electroporation
Particle gun
(34page)
Selection of transformed cells from untransformed cells
Transgenic plants
Stress tolerance
Abiotic stress tolerance
Herbicide tolerance
Insect resistance
Cry genes
Bacillus thuringiensis
Virus resistance
Delayed fruit ripening
Flavr Savr
Male Sterility
Transgenic plants as bioreactors (molecular farming)
Improvement of Nutrient quality
Improvement of seed protein quality
Diagnostic and therapeutic proteins
Edible vaccines
Biodegradable plastics
Arabidopisis
Molecular Breeding
polymorphisms
Morphological marker
Biochemical marker
Molecular marker
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
Randomly Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
variable Number Tandom Repeats (VNTR)
Animal Biotechnology
History of animal cell culture(4.9)
organotypic culture
histotypic culture
Primary Cell Culture
Secondary Cultures
DMSO
Mortality
Contact Inhibition
REQUIREMENTS FOR ANIMAL CELL CULTURE
Osmolality
Cell Based Therapy(4.3)
Equipments Required for Animal Cell Culture
Laminar Flow Cabinets
Class I hoods
Class II hoods
Class III hoods
Incubators
High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA)
Inverted Microscope
Centrifuges
Biotechnology and Medicine
Biotechnology and Agriculture
Resources
Biotechnology and Society
Biotechnology and Environment
Industrial and Microbial Biotechnology
Question Bank
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